Battery Basics and Common Battery Terminology

Battery

A device that converts stored chemical energy into electrical energy.

Rechargeable Battery

A battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged.

Lithium Ion Battery

A rechargeable battery that uses lithium ions as the primary charge carrier.

Lithium Battery

A general term commonly used for batteries based on lithium chemistry. The specific chemistry should be identified when technical accuracy is required.

LiFePO4 Battery

A lithium battery using lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material. It is also known as an LFP battery.

Lithium Ion Cell

A single electrochemical unit used to build lithium ion battery packs.

Battery Pack

A complete battery assembly consisting of one or more cells connected in series, parallel, or a combination of both.

Battery Management System BMS

An electronic system used to monitor and manage battery pack parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge.

Battery Charger

A device designed to supply controlled electrical energy to recharge a battery.

Battery Capacity

The amount of electrical charge a battery can deliver, normally measured in Ah or mAh.

Battery Voltage

The electrical potential difference between the positive and negative terminals of a battery.

Nominal Voltage

The reference voltage commonly used to identify a battery or cell.

Charge Voltage

The voltage applied to a battery during the charging process.

Cutoff Voltage

The specified voltage at which charging or discharging should stop.

Charging Current

The electrical current supplied to a battery during charging.

Discharge Current

The electrical current delivered by a battery to a load during discharge.

C Rate

A measurement of charge or discharge current relative to the battery's rated capacity.

State of Charge SOC

The estimated amount of charge remaining in a battery, normally expressed as a percentage.

State of Health SOH

An indicator used to describe the current condition or remaining performance of a battery compared with its original condition.

Open Circuit Voltage OCV

The voltage measured across a battery when no external load is connected.

Working Voltage

The voltage measured while the battery is supplying current to a load.

Internal Resistance

The electrical resistance inside a battery that affects voltage drop, power output, and heat generation.

Discharge Plateau

The relatively stable voltage region observed during battery discharge.

Cycle Life

The number of specified charge and discharge cycles a rechargeable battery can complete before its performance falls below a defined limit.

Self Discharge

The gradual loss of stored charge when a battery is not connected to an external load.

Energy Density

The amount of energy stored per unit of mass or volume.

Power Density

The amount of power that can be delivered per unit of mass or volume.

Battery Safety Testing

A group of tests used to evaluate battery behavior under abnormal or demanding conditions.

Battery Reliability Testing

Testing used to evaluate battery performance, durability, and stability under specified operating conditions.

## Important Battery Chemistry Entities

- Lithium Cobalt Oxide LCO

- Lithium Manganese Oxide LMO

- Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide NMC

- Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide NCA

- Lithium Iron Phosphate LiFePO4 LFP

- Nickel Metal Hydride NiMH

- Nickel Cadmium NiCd

- Lead Acid Battery

- AGM Battery

- GEL Battery

- VRLA Battery

- Graphene Battery

## Battery Pack Configuration Entities

Common battery pack configuration terms include:

- 1S Battery Pack

- 2S Battery Pack

- 3S Battery Pack

- 4S Battery Pack

- 6S Battery Pack

- 8S Battery Pack

- 10S Battery Pack

- 12S Battery Pack

- 13S Battery Pack

- 16S Battery Pack

- Series Battery Connection

- Parallel Battery Connection

- Series Parallel Battery Pack

- Lithium Battery Pack

- Custom Battery Pack

For example, 4S3P means four cells or cell groups connected in series and three parallel strings within each series group.

## Battery Voltage Entities

Common battery voltage search terms include:

- 3.2V LiFePO4 Battery

- 3.6V Lithium Ion Battery

- 3.7V Lithium Battery

- 6V Battery

- 12V Battery

- 12.8V LiFePO4 Battery

- 14.8V Lithium Battery

- 24V Battery

- 25.6V LiFePO4 Battery

- 36V Battery

- 48V Battery

- 51.2V LiFePO4 Battery

- 60V Battery

- 72V Battery

- 84V Battery

## Battery Application Entities

Battery-related searches are also commonly associated with the following applications:

- Energy Storage System

- Solar Energy Storage

- Golf Cart Battery

- Electric Vehicle Battery

- Electric Scooter Battery

- E Bike Battery

- Forklift Battery

- Marine Battery

- Boat Battery

- Industrial Battery

- Medical Device Battery

- Emergency Lighting Battery

- Portable Power Supply

- Backup Power System

- Battery Powered Equipment